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Introduction The term “citizenship” is not explicitly defined in the Constitution of India. Citizenship refers to the connection between an individual and the nation-state, granting individuals social and political rights in exchange for fulfilling specific duties owed to the State. It signifies the legal recognition of an individual as a lawful citizen of a particular […]
Introduction Section 9 of the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908, is a fundamental provision that deals with the jurisdiction of civil courts in India. It delineates the conditions under which a civil court can entertain and adjudicate suits. Understanding Section 9 is crucial for grasping the scope of civil litigation in India. Civil Nature […]
Introduction Asylum is a vital component of international human rights law, providing protection and shelter to individuals fleeing persecution and conflict. The concept encompasses both the granting of temporary refuge and active protection by a state to a political refugee from another country. The principle of asylum is rooted in the Universal Declaration of Human […]
Introduction: Nationality is a fundamental concept in international law, serving as the legal bond between an individual and a state. It determines membership in a state, confers certain rights and protections, and imposes specific obligations. Despite its importance, the lack of uniformity in state laws regarding nationality has historically led to significant challenges, including statelessness […]
Introduction Hindu law, deeply rooted in religious texts and traditions, governs the personal and familial aspects of Hindus in India. While codification has provided a uniform framework, the uncodified areas still retain the influence of historical schools of thought. The two primary schools, Mitakshara and Dayabhaga, reflect diverse interpretations of ancient texts and are significant […]
Introduction In the realm of criminal law, ensuring justice and protecting society are paramount objectives. The journey from the commission of a crime to the delivery of justice is a complex process that hinges on the principles of fairness, due process, and the presumption of innocence. The cornerstone of this process is the trial, where […]
Introduction The criminal justice system in India is a complex framework involving various key functionaries who play pivotal roles in maintaining law and order, ensuring justice, and upholding the rule of law. These functionaries include the police, prosecutors, defence counsel, and prison authorities. This chapter explores their functions, organization, and the legal provisions governing them. […]
1. Introduction The Constitution of Criminal Courts in India is a comprehensive system outlined under the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC). This framework involves various functionaries who play critical roles in the administration of criminal justice. The main functionaries include the Police, Prosecutors, Defence Counsels, Magistrates, Judges of higher courts, and Prison authorities along with Correctional […]
INTRODUCTION: Environmental pollution is among the deadliest threats to our environment and threatens the human and non-human entities living there and the earth as a whole. Therefore, various legal principles and elements have been enacted to facilitate addressing this legal issue. These principles act as the guiding light for persons, authorities, and groups in the […]
Introduction Contracts for the sale of goods form the backbone of commercial transactions, underpinning the exchange of products and services in both domestic and international trade. The legal framework governing these contracts is critical in ensuring that parties adhere to their obligations and in providing remedies when breaches occur. In India, the Sale of Goods […]